C-LAB Future Vision Lab x RADIOTOPIA x Lacking Sound Fest.
SIGNAL+ CAMP
SIGNAL+ CAMP
This April, C-LAB Future Vision Lab and RADIOTOPIA are co-hosting the "SIGNAL+ CAMP" scheduled to take place from April 11 to April 13, 2025, at the C-LAB Art Space III. The three day camp includes the workstations, workshops, forums, and performances. For workstations, there are 12 workstations: six of them are stationed by 9 artists and curators from Europe as part of TOOLKIT OF CARE training school program. The other 6 workstations feature Taiwanese artists curated by Lacking Sound Festival in Taiwan, a sound art performance platform in Taiwan since 2007. SIGNAL+ CAMP aims to introduce and engage artists, professionals, and the general public in discussions and exchanges on the practices of alternative radio art.
RADIOTOPIA
RADIOTOPIA is initiated by Shu Lea Cheang & Franz Xaver at STWST48x7 in 2021. RADIOTOPIA gathers artists who manifest new ways of engaging with the electromagnetic spectrum. Through gathering together, learning from each other in the spirit of open sharing, working across boundaries (conceptual, planetary), RADIOTOPIA experiments with radio transmission in every medium possible - wifi, bluetooth, mobile, cb, amateur, and ISM bands in an attempt to legally broadcast, disseminate, and claim the vast EM spectrum that is yet to be utilized as perceivable post-NET communication strategies.
TOOLKIT OF CARE
TOOLKIT OF CARE is an international Action led by an interdisciplinary group of creative practitioners, academics, researchers and arts organisations. In sharing collective expertise and technical knowledge employed in creative ways, ToC aims to develop knowledge and methodologies of care, to form a "critical network of care". Working with RADIOTOPIA and organized by APO33 (Nantes, France) with STWST (Linz, Austria), ToC invites artists and technologists in training sessions, exploring electronic and EM landscapes in meaningful and responsible ways.
Time & Location
Time: 12:00-20:00 on April 11 to April 13, 2025
Location: C-LAB Art Space III
Website: https://radiotopia.clab.org.tw
Agenda
Friday, April 11, 2025
Saturday, April 12, 2025
Sunday, April 13, 2025
Participated Artists and workstation proposal
TRIBUTE- Tetsuo KOGAWA
A special tribute to Tetsuo KOGAWA
- legend of micro radio, free radio movement
Tetsuo Kogawa is a Japanese performance artist, activist and media theorist who works extensively with radio art and microbroadcasting. At the Art Space lll’s mico-kitchen, Tetsuo Kogawa’s “cooking up a transmitter”(28:00, with Paper Tiger TV, 1992, New York) accounts the step-by-step instructions on how to create our very own transmitter radios out of transistor radios. Polymorphous Space by Tetsuo Kogawa since 1995 engages in media experiments of micro radio, media technology, live streaming and art politics.
Tetsuo Kogawa has written extensively on radio art, more details: https://anarchy.translocal.jp/non-japanese/index.html
APO33 (FR) represented by Julien Ottavi and Jenny Pickett
APO33 are interdisciplinary artists and researchers with extensive experience in sound art, experimental music, and interactive media. Founding members of APO33, a French art and technology research lab, their work spans interactive installations, DIY electronics, real-time video, and collective practices. Julien holds a PhD in network-based artistic practices and is known for exploring the transformation of voice through computers and DIY electronics. Jenny, a PhD candidate at Cyprus University of Technology, focuses on critical approaches to technology and participatory art. Together, they form the duo Solar Return and contribute to ensembles and educational projects internationally.
http://apo33.org
Julien Ottavi is a French artist, composer, filmmaker, curator, and Doctor in Arts whose transdisciplinary practice merges sound art, real-time video, body performance, and digital experimentation. As founder of APO33, he has been a driving force in media activism and
collaborative art since 1997, exploring voice transformation through computing, networked art, and DIY electronics such as radio transmitters and oscillators. A developer in Puredata and an advocate of open-source culture, Ottavi completed his PhD at the University of Lorraine in 2018, focusing on networked artistic practices. His work spans philosophy, bio-mimetic research, and anarchitectural experimentation, consistently questioning authorship and advocating for collective autonomy within creative processes.
Jenny Pickett is a UK-born media artist, researcher, and educator based in France. A core member of APO33, she develops interactive installations, experimental sound performances, and participatory art practices. She is part of ensembles such as Onsemble, Orgone, and Solar Return, a duo with Ottavi. Currently a PhD candidate at the Cyprus University of Technology’s MADlab, her research, Do it with others (DIWO), investigates methodologies for collaborative art and education. With a BA from Falmouth College of Arts and an MA from Goldsmiths, University of London, she also an associate lecturer at the Nantes School of Architecture (ENSA).
Together through APO33, Ottavi and Pickett produce transdisciplinary projects that challenge the boundaries of art, technology, and social practice, promoting open collaboration, critical media use, and cultural autonomy. Apo33 aims to work with the dynamics of the free software ovement: a modular space, initiating collaborative projects and creative processes and exploring new modes of artistic and creative production and dissemination.
📣 Workstation Proposal
📌 Performance
RADIO NOISE COLLECTIVE in RADIOTOPIA
Everyone can participate! Bring your radio to make some noise!
Radio, the radiophonic object, its use, its extensions, its culture and its possibilities form the subject matter and the field of action of radio. Several musicians and non-musicians exploit the rich sound of this transmitter, capable of speaking all languages, playing all types of music, and which therefore represents an inexhaustible source of sounds and information. Here multiplied, the radio becomes an abundant sound language, an instrument of transversal interaction.
The situation here is reversed: radio is no longer a medium, the means of broadcasting a sound material which is foreign to it. It is the source of a new musical meaning, and it is the music itself of its intended broadcast that becomes parasitic.
Radio Noise Collective is a project proposed by Apo33 to perform with Radio receivers and everyday cracked electronics. The audience is invited to bring their portable radios.
📌 Workshop
Exploring radio as a musical instrument / AM transmitters
Jenny Pickett & Julien Ottavi and the Radio Noise Collective propose for Radiotopia an engaging workshop that transforms radio into a tool for musical exploration. This hands-on session invites participants to discover the creative potential of DIY radio transmitters and collective music-making. By combining everyday electronic devices with AM radio technology, participants will experiment with soundscapes, interferences, and collaborative compositions.
Open to all levels of experience, this workshop is perfect for those curious about the intersection of technology, sound art, and experimental music. Bring your creativity and any sound-producing devices to explore new ways of making music together.
Icestream Workshop: Real-Time Audio Streaming with Open Free Libre Tools
Icestream is an innovative software developed by Apo33, designed for mixing real-time audio streams, managing stream clients, and administering an Icecast server. It provides a powerful solution for broadcasting high-quality audio over the internet, opening up new possibilities for live streaming, collaborative sound art, and online radio projects.
This workshop invites participants to explore Icestream’s capabilities, from setting up an Icecast server to managing live audio streams and experimenting with real-time mixing. Whether you're an artist, a sound technician, or a streaming enthusiast, this session offers hands-on guidance and insights into leveraging this powerful tool.
What You'll Need
To fully participate, you should have Gnu/Linux installed on your computer and a basic understanding of administering your distribution. If you're new to Gnu/Linux or streaming technology, you're still welcome to join, ask questions, and discover how this software can elevate your audio broadcasting projects.
Why Icestream?
- Mix real-time audio streams seamlessly.
- Manage and customize Icecast servers for audio broadcasting.
- Create high-quality live sound experiences over the internet.
Download the Debian/Ubuntu package and get started: Icestream on SourceForge
This workshop is a great opportunity to get your hands dirty into the world of free libre open source streaming tools and explore the creative potential of real-time sound broadcasting.
STADTWERKSTATT / STWST
The Stadtwerkstatt has been art, music and autonomous structure since 1979. From the very beginning, it has been inextricably linked to a self-image of activism, subculture and a practice of constantly redefining contexts. STWST has realised many pioneering media and art projects and has been an inciting initiative for numerous artists inside and outside the city. STWST is still directed by critical producers and currently works in the areas of NEW ART CONTEXTS, runs the STWST CLUB, media channels such as the newspaper VERSORGERIN and the CAFE STROM. Overall, STWST operates between art, media, net culture, transmission, music and nights out and sees itself as a resistant free space, a place for reflection and critical discourse.
📣 Workstation proposal
We will set up a computer and monitor and receive radio frequencies from Austria. We will use web-sdr (over a raspberrypi) and antennas that we will bring ourselves and some that we will build on site.
∏-Node
∏-node is an international radio-art based artist collective and platform, established in 2013. ∏-node develops his own tools, that mixes different approaches, technologies and networks to establish a decentralised broadcast structure where each of the network’s nodes serves to both receive and transmit information. Such a structure seeks to break with the classic one-way communication scheme, substituting it with a horizontal peer-to-peer model. ∏-node wants to explore the many dimensions of radio – its physicality (ether, radio waves and the electromagnetic spectrum), its spatiality (bandwidth, frequencies), its infrastructures (network of radio receivers/emitters), its methods of production and editorial content management (programming boards/teams, recording studios), its methods of metadata reception (RDS/SDR), its history, and its legislation. Most importantly, π-node also seeks to examine the future role and potential of the radio spectrum in a time when everything goes digital.
https://p-node.org
📣 Workstation proposal
Demonstration and development of the ∏-box, ∏-Node’s home made solution for streaming and online/offline broadcast. Design an organic feedback device, between two ∏-boxes, several streams, a computer and several radios. Test and experiments with other friendly tools: solar panels, batteries, antennas, to experiment in situ. Participants are invited to bring their own radio (and their smartphones). Demonstration of the functionalities and experiments together in a DIWO spirit. Possibility to install the software for those coming with a raspberry pi, a usb sound card and sd card.
Marinos Koutsomichalis
Marinos Koutsomichalis is an artist, scholar, creative technologist, and craftsman. Originally a composer of experimental electronic music, he gradually introduced all sorts of other materials/methods in his practice to eventually become an expert in process-informed exploratory art/making. He is broadly interested in hybridity/materiality, (self-)generative systems, landscapes/environments, perception/selfhood, and the media/technologies we rely upon to mediate, probe, interact, or otherwise engage with the former.
📣 Workstation proposal
I am presenting the project “post-human radio” (https://marinoskoutsomichalis.com/projects/post-human-radio/). I will be showcasing DIY instruments in the form of an installation. I will occasionally perform live with them, alone and alongside other artists. I expect an audience to visit the showcase as well as the performance. I am also doing a few “radio-walks”: that is, walking the broader area with a radio receiver.
Kate Donovan
Kate Donovan is a Berlin-based artist, researcher, and academic working with listening, ecological thinking, planetarity, and the more-than-human, with a particular focus on radio. Her PhD project, Radio as Relation: Listening across worlds of artistic research, technologies and the more-than-human (2025, Potsdam University), is a feminist and decolonial work that challenges dominant narratives, engaging with the trans-scalar and more-than-human dimensions of radio. She is involved in many collaborative art, free and community radio initiatives and is the co-founder of Radio Otherwise, an artistic research project whose work involves environment-specific transmissions of listening.
📣 Workstation proposal
Amphibious Radio
Etymologically, amphibious comes from amphi- ‘around, on both sides’ and -bios ‘to live’; we could say that amphibiousness means life across difference, or multiple worldings. Radio (transmission and reception) is an amphibious practice in that it connects across worlds that are never fully revealed to each other; in this sense, it is a practice of connecting not only across distance, but also across difference. Coming to terms with difference is arguably a necessary skill in times of ecological and societal upheaval, as well as political polarity. What does it mean to move into another world, and to receive another world into ones own?
The workstation will be a space to unfold the conceptual and philosophical aspects of amphibiousness, as well as practices in ‘multiple worldings’ that radio can offer, including live audio-streaming from the room, radio-listening, and experiments with MicroFM and walkie-talkies.
Daniela Silverstrin
Daniela Silvestrin is an independent curator, cultural researcher, and organiser-facilitator with a background in law, history of art, and curatorial studies. Her research is situated at the intersection between digital media, critical theory and speculative art. In her curatorial work, she focuses on artistic practices that create fictions and narratives to question physical, ethical, social boundaries and paradigms. Stemming from a particular interest in the potential of speculative and disruptive creative practices at the intersection of art, society and the techno-sciences, her projects aim to envision sustainable futures and produce new forms of experimental knowledge.
📣 Workstation Proposal
Forests of Antennas, Oceans of Waves / Taipei edition
“Forests of Antennas, Oceans of Waves”, was a series of urban interventions, sound performances, a conference and an exhibition running in Berlin from May till October 2022. Starting point for the series of events and discussions was the new mobile phone generation »5G«, which in Berlin was discussed a lot in the context of »smart city« technologies and initiatives. Taking Berlin as an experimental field to look at 5G implementation and the much broader context of wireless telecommunication technologies and their implications, the series of events focused on the question: How do imperceptible radiation, frequencies and waves of new communication technologies change urban space, our bodies and our society?
For the Taipei edition, curator Daniela Silvestrin invites artists and curators from Taiwan to engage both artistically and theoretically with phenomena of electromagnetic waves in the urban environment of Taipei. Starting with an overview of (mostly Western) artistic approaches to engaging with electromagnetic phenomena, the various reflections, practices and cultural discourses as well as artefacts and devices presented in the Berlin edition of the series will be critically looked at from the participants’s cultural and artistic perspectives in the context of Taiwan, before going on an electromagnetic exploration walk through the neighbourhood in Taipei.
Shu Lea Cheang
Shu Lea Cheang is an artist and filmmaker who engages in genre bending gender hacking art practices. She drafts sci-fi narratives in her film scenario and artwork imagination. She builds social interface with transgressive plots and open network that permits public participation. Celebrated as a net art pioneer with BRANDON (1998 - 99), the first web art commissioned and collected by Guggenheim Museum, New York, Cheang represented Taiwan with mixed media installation, 3x3x6, at Venice Biennale 2019. In 2024, she receives the LG Guggenheim Art and Technology Award. In early 2025, she presents a survey show KI$$ KI$$ at Haus der Kunst in Munich and a theatre performance Hagay Dreaming at Tate Modern, London.
📣 Proposal
S.I.C.K. (V.02) – Shu Lea Cheang with collaborators
Sonic Intervention Compost Kitchen
Time: 16:00-20:00 on April 13
S.I.C.K. proposes a radio/sonic intervention into a collective performance where radio transmission expanded into radical sonic vibration infused with food cooking/food smell and dining table chats. Long dining tables present an array of composed, improvised dishes among radio sets. From the work stations, the artists send out mini AM/FM transmission; from afar, radio signals transcend national boundaries to join in; the public on site with radio sets on hand, listening in while channel surfing;; ultimately one radio stream is mixed and broadcast live via ∏-Node in Paris. Through this gathering, we coalesce and compost as one collective body to arrive at a radiotopia where under-explored vast EM field prompts a spectrum take over and defies authoritarian regimes’ border control.
A special tribute to Tetsuo Kogawa 粉川哲夫
legend of micro radio, free radio movement
https://anarchy.translocal.jp/non-japanese/index.html
Radiopoly
Aqeela Saghir (virtual participated) completed her bachelors degree in Electrical Telecom Engineering and Masters in Electrical Engineering in Pakistan from COMSAT Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), in 2011 and National University of Science and Technology (NUST), in 2014 respectively. She is working in LINKS Foundation since January 2020. In parallel she doing her PhD part time in Electrical Engineering from Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus. Her main focus of research is on reconfigurable filter design. In which her aim is to implement reflectionless filters that can be tuned or switched in bandwidth and frequency using varactors and pin diodes.
Before coming to Links she was working in FAST University Islamabad since four months as a Research Associate where her main focus was on Radar System Design simulations. Previously, she was working in a well reputed government organization in Pakistan as Senior Design Officer on passive RF circuit board designs, 3D Modelling and Analysis in HFSS, fabrication/testing of In-house Modules.
She has worked at Technishe Universität Dortmund, Germany in on-board system lab for almost two years. Also, served as a research assistant in the Research Institute of Microwave and Millimeter-wave Studies (RIMMS), Pakistan for two years for digital logic design trainer board design and manufacturing.
Chiara Ciociola
An experienced researcher and learning designer specializing in EdTech, digital innovation, and civic education. Currently a member of the EdTech research unit at LINKS Foundation in Turin, providing strategic learning design consultancy for public and non-profit organizations. Formerly led teacher training and communication strategies for large-scale school innovation projects. With a background in national digital education policies and civic monitoring initiatives, she has extensive expertise in designing multimedia content, coordinating multi-stakeholder projects, and promoting digital skills and active citizenship through education. She is also a long-time contributor to Neural Magazine, an independent magazine on critical digital culture and media art.
📣 Workstation proposal
To embed the idea of various components in a radio the author aims to design a board game. Board games come in different forms and complexity and can range from ages as young as a 10-year-old kid to high school or even older people can play and learn from it. In this work the curiosity as to how a radio is formed is covered. A bit similar to monopoly, this game will help different parts of a radio in an interactive way. Things needed:
- A game mat
- An individual player mat in which a complete radio with empty places will be given
- Dice
- Small figures for each component
- Small figures representing each player.
The player completing a radio transceiver will win the game. This is a simple form of game, and it can be made as complicated as possible.
Fujui Wang
Fujui Wang is a sound artist and curator specialized in sound art and interactive art whose work has played a key role in establishing sound as a new artistic genre in Taiwan. A pioneer of sound art in Taiwan, he founded “NOISE” in 1993, the country’s first experimental sound label. In 2000 he joined the media art collective “Etat” and launched the “BIAS”International Sound Art Exhibition and Sound Art Prize for the Digital Art Awards Taipei. Fujui Wang is currently the director of Department of New Media Arts, Taipei National University of the Arts. His work has been widely exhibited in museums and festivals in Taiwan and abroad.
📣 Workstation proposal
This project creates an electromagnetic wave and TV image feedback loop by receiving CRT TV's electromagnetic waves and feeding them back as audio to generate images. The TV image is then further distorted by ultrasonic wave interference, which also modulates the electromagnetic wave audio.
Yenting Hsu
Yenting Hsu investigates the cultural context and texture of sounds. Her works often reflect the relationship between sounds, environment, individual and/or collective memories and emotions. Interweaving field recordings with electronic sounds and objects, Hsu keeps exploring and experimenting documentary and fiction / narrative and imaginary elements of recorded sounds. Mixing with other art mediums and artistic disciplines, Hsu creates installations, performances, audio documentaries, electroacoustic music, and more. She also collaborates with dance theatres and films as a sound designer/composer.
📣 Workstation proposal
The performance will combine pre-sampled sounds from AM, FM, and shortwave radios, as well as electromagnetic noise, with live sounds captured by radios tuned to different frequency ranges. These sounds will be captured, interwoven, and reproduced to reflect the sonic landscape that permeates the air. The workstation is expected to showcase the equipment used in the performance, including an FM transmitter. Visitors can bring their own radios to listen to the live sounds. (Please note that the FM transmitter still requires testing, so this part should not be disclosed until confirmed.)
Po-Hao CHI / ZONESOUND CREATIVE
Po-Hao Chi is an artist and cultural producer from Taiwan. His practice centers on interactive and generative music systems, often employing everyday technologies and sonification to explore how we coexist with digitality. He founded ZONESOUND CREATIVE, a studio that fosters interdisciplinary dialogue and community engagement through art projects, educational programs, and international collaborations. One of their recent curatorial projects is Convergence: Artistic Exploration from Nature to Society, commissioned by Taiwan's National Science and Technology Council. In the upcoming Signal+ event, he will collaborate with creative technologist Jo-Yu Lo.
Personal Website: https://chipohao.com
ZONESOUND CREATIVE: https://zonesoundcreative.com
📣 Workstation proposal
This project concerns imperceptible signals and physical phenomena in the surroundings as a form of 'Natural Radio.' We convert various environmental disturbances, electromagnetic signals, weather data, and intangible physical fluctuations into sound elements through real-time sensing and data interpretation. This approach challenges our traditional understanding of "message" and "medium," providing alternative perceptual possibilities driven by emerging technologies.
We plan to employ environmental sensing modules and other sensing devices and data sources (such as electromagnetic sensors, DIY Aeolian harps, and open data) to capture intangible environmental signals and sonify them into sensory experiences. Additionally, interaction via mobile devices may be incorporated as an alternative input to illustrate the concept. These data streams will be analyzed by large language models (LLMs) and translated into textual sonic materials. These linguistic outputs will then be juxtaposed with abstract sonification techniques, diminishing or dissolving their semantic content. Thus, language is transformed into sonic texture, merging seamlessly with ambient sounds or music to create an immediate, dynamic sonic environment.
The workstation will equip low-power FM transmitters, broadcasting within a limited range and inviting participants to tune in with portable radios to experience these dynamically generated sonic textures in real-time. By emphasizing the immediacy and localized context of broadcasting, this approach transforms radio into a decentralized sonic platform, enabling participants to intuitively sense the constant interplay between data-driven sound, environment, and language.
ZAP
Founded in 2022, ZAP is an interdisciplinary art team based in Taipei. Combining scientific craftsmanship with a playful sense of humor, the team creates interactive installation art that resonates with audiences. Aiming to transform their works into magical machines, ZAP not only provides delightful surprises in everyday life but also takes viewers back to their warmest memories.
📣 Workstation Content/ Proposal
We are developing an interactive wireless radio art installation that combines sound sensing and real-time feedback. This installation is not only for viewing but can also be picked up and operated by the audience or performers. It responds to surrounding sounds and the holder’s movements with dynamic lighting changes, transforming invisible sound signals into perceptible visual effects.
HUANG Hao-Min
HUANG Hao-Min is an interactive, installation, and multimedia artist. Coming from an interdisciplinary background, he was introduced to new media art and developed a passion for creative coding and installation art. His work explores the interplay between virtual reality and kinetic installations, examining the relationship between visual perception, physical sensation, and spatial awareness—ultimately extending into reflections on his own existence.
Rooted in the maker movement and his creative practice, he often experiments by modifying technological objects and juxtaposing diverse materials. Through this approach, he cultivates a unique ability to re-examine and redesign things, expressing what he believes to be new possibilities.
📣 Workstation proposal
This project is a collaboration with sound designer: GUO Fang-Yu to develop an installation instrument based on the principles of the Theremin, exploring the interaction between electromagnetic wave sensing and audiovisual experience. This work extends beyond being just an electronic musical instrument—it is also an installation artwork. By utilizing different types of sensing antennas and open hardware circuits, the project investigates how human interaction with electromagnetic fields can be transformed into real-time sound and visual changes.
This proposal aims to create a hands-on experience where visitors and participants can directly engage with electromagnetic field interactions and explore their impact on sound and visuals. By fostering open-ended experimentation and improvisation, the project seeks to introduce new possibilities for the development of electronic musical instruments and installation art.
LAI Tsung-Yun
LAI Tsung-Yun is currently the curator of the "Lacking Sound Festival," a sound art event. His artistic practice began with audiovisual works, driven by a search for the meaning of life and existence. In recent years, after extensive engagement with sound performances, he has launched his own solo performance projects. Through self-exploration, he experiments with audio mixer feedback noise and field recordings, creating performances that integrate sound and visuals.
📣 Workstation proposal
Radio, as a carrier of signals, transmits sonic information into space through the resonance of tuned electromagnetic fields. This project utilizes miniature radio transmitters and receivers to generate multiple self-feedback signals, forming oscillating radio waves at different frequencies. These waves, in turn, interfere with the existing radio signals within the space, creating near-field electromagnetic disturbances. Multiple radio receivers placed within the space will then broadcast the disrupted signals, presenting a state in which a radio station is temporarily hijacked within an intermediary space. In addition to being showcased during the open studio period, the project will also be presented as a live performance during the "Night of Sound."
Alessandro Ludovico
Alessandro Ludovico is a researcher, artist and chief editor of Neural magazine since 1993. He received his Ph.D. degree in English and Media from Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge (UK). He is Associate Professor at the Winchester School of Art, University of Southampton. He has published and edited several books, including Virtual Reality Handbook (1992), Internet Underground Guide (1995), Post-Digital Print (2012) and Tactical Publishing (2024), and has lectured worldwide. He also served as an advisor for the Documenta 12's Magazine Project. He is one of the authors of the award-winning Hacking Monopolism trilogy of artworks (Google Will Eat Itself, Amazon Noir, Face to Facebook). http://neural.it
📣 Forum
Temporary and Distributed Libraries, active and independent librarianship
Date: 14:00-13:00 on April 12
After a brief account on the Toolkit of Care publication project, I will discuss the role of the library as a central cultural system influenced by alternative and self-organised practices today. Libraries should evolve from their historical and "monumental' role of providing essential services to the cultural community to an expanded, networked and shared knowledge infrastructure that rivals online "instant" knowledge and enables deeper and more personalised social and cultural exchange. In this regard, the emerging role of "custodians' is essentialI have personally supported the creation of ‘temporary libraries’ to meet specific knowledge needs during cultural events, which then become permanent public resources, and of ‘distributed libraries’ to integrate relevant collections of specialised knowledge accumulated elsewhere into the traditional library system without structurally interfering with it.They represent an active and independent librarianship, that enables abstract and relational models to be implemented and networked.
